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恪守科学道德
《清除浮躁之风 倡导科学道德》摘要/全文
邹承鲁(中国科学院院士)
Publishing your
research--practical guidelines for authors & reviewers from ACS pulications
CRYPTOCHROME Is a
Blue-Light Sensor That Regulates Neuronal Firing Rate.
Fogle et al.
Science,2011,331:1409-1413
Cause of Lethal Disease in China Unmasked.
Science
NOW
The Drosophila Circadian Network Is
a Seasonal Timer
Cell,129,
207-219, 06 April 2007
Dr. Ehard Haus
Chronobiology in the endocrine system. Adv Drug
Delivery Rev, 2007,59:985
Dr. Norio Ishida
Circadian clock, cancer
and lipid metabolism. Neuros Res, 2007
徐璎博士等：
Functional
consequences of a CKId
mutation causing familial
advanced sleep phase syndrome Nautre, 2005
Modeling of a
Human Circadian
Mutation Yields Insights into
Clock Regulation by PER2. Cell, 2006
坚持科学道德，反对学术腐败，从自身做起
与诺奖两度擦肩而过的人
学术道德的捍卫者
真诚透明的科学人生
科学界仰望的道德标杆
霜天孤鹤舞清音
科学界真理斗士
邹承鲁历年言述
科学界少了一个敢说话的人
邹承鲁院士简历
薪尽火传，邹先生传递的科学之火，我们已接过，并将一代代传下去，永远不会熄灭！
方舟子
“
十字路口”选择去向的感受---
《生理科学进展》2007，38（4）：刊头专文
编者按:
陈修教授是我国一位著名的药理学家，他致力于心血管药理学研究，多项成果发表于国际高端专业学术期刊，享有国际声誉。陈教授直抒己见，告诉我们 人生的“
十字路口”选择方向至为重要。他的科学精神、敢于说“不”的学风，以及“顺向外展”和“逆向外展”思维的科研思路，值得后来者学习与思考。读罢全文，我们不禁被作者的正直和豁达的胸怀所深深感染。
Timeless genes and
jetlag R.N.Van
Gelder
molecular link between Cryptochrome and
Timeless... N.Peschel, S.Veleri, R.Stanewsky
The Neurospora Checkpoint Kinase 2: A
Regulatory Link Between the Circadian and Cell Cycles
AM Pregueiro, Q Liu, CL
Baker, JC Dunlap, JJ Loros.
Science, 2006,313:644- 649
The Circadian Gene
Period2 Plays an Important Role in Tumor
Suppression and DNA Damage Response In Vivo
pdf
Loning Fu, Helene Pelicano, Jinsong Liu,
Peng Huang, and Cheng Chi Lee1
Cancer Chronotherapy: Principles,
Applications, and Perspectives.
pdf Mormont
M,
and Levi F.
Circadian chronotherapy for
human cancers.
pdf
Levi F
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《清除浮躁之风 倡导科学道德》
中国科学院院士 邹承鲁
作为当今科学研究领域的主体力量，严格遵守科学道德，遵循国际规矩，对中国科学进入世界舞台，维护中国科学家的声誉，是绝对必要的。
关于科学工作中的道德规范问题，有些在国际上是有明文规定的，另一些则只是有一些普遍遵守的习惯做法。当然一些习惯做法在不同国家、不同的科学家中也不完全一致。
我写本文的目的，是就我几十年来在科学工作中自己遵循的原则和努力避免的一些做法，以及我在国外刊物发表论文并担任一些国际刊物编委的经验，对我国科学界当前存在的科学工作违规行为的一些问题，提出自己的看法。
一、科学工作违规行为的表现
1、伪造学历，伪造工作经历
2、抹煞前人成果，自我夸张宣传
3、伪造或篡改原始实验数据
4、抄袭、剽窃他人成果
5、一稿两投甚至多投
6、强行在自己并无贡献的论文上署名
7、为商业广告作不符合实际的宣传
二、如何对待错误的结果和结论
科学家也会犯错误，无论是实验结果或根据实验结果所得出的推论与结论，有时都可能有错。在一个人几十年的科学生涯中，完全不出错也许是不可能的，关键在于如何对待错误。最好的办法是自己尽快改正错误。对于简单的错误，如个别文字或数据的错误，可以在同一刊物上主动发表一个简短的更正。一旦发现有较为严重的或复杂的错误，应尽快验证，找出正确的结果或结论，在以后发表的有关论文中实事求是地承认并且改正错误。当然，这样做要有充分的把握，不要一错再错。如果正确的结果不是短期内可以得到的，至少应该在以后的论文中提及，以尽量避免错误结果被人一再引用。
三、科研成果的评价与宣传
一项重要的科学研究成果，特别是基础研究成果，往往需要经过不同实验室和不同作者的反复验证才能予以肯定。它的重要性，特别是它对科学长远发展的全部意义，更需要经过一段时间的考验，经过国际同行在各自工作中的引用、验证和发展，才能给以实事求是的、恰如其分的评价。
科学家声誉的建立，应该是完全依靠自己的研究工作，在严肃的科学书刊发表研究论文，阐述自己的论点与见解。其对科学发展的影响，要经过不同作者的反复实践，才能逐渐取得国际科学界的公认。
在谈到学风与学术规范的关系时，有的学者指出，学风是一种风气、风格，是软性的；而学术规范是一种纪律，是硬性的。就当前我国学术现状而言，两者都要引起重视，而后者显得更为迫切，因为是否讲究学术规范，直接关系到科学研究能否实现创新。同时还要看到，学术规范一方面是学术纪律的普适性，另一方面是学术道德的自我觉醒，有一个道德机制问题。首先是学者个人要加强自我约束，追求科学的治学精神，自觉抵制不良学风的影响；其次是各学术单位要加强对学术研究的管理与监督，学术界应共同努力促成一个具有国家权威的学术评价系统尽快建立；再次，还要在全社会营造出一个遵守学术规范的大环境。
摘自：光明日报，2002年4月10日（全文）
Publishing your research 101
Practical
guidelines for authors & reviewers from ACS publications
The effective communication of scientific research
is vital both to the scientific community and to a
scientist’s career. ACS Publications has launched
the Publishing Your Research 101 video series to
assist authors and reviewers in understanding and
improving their experience with the processes of
writing, submitting, editing, and reviewing
manuscripts.
ACS created the video series based on feedback
received during editorial delegations to multiple
international universities, as well as interactive
sessions during ACS On Campus events. Both faculty
and graduate students expressed interest in
understanding more about topics such as how to get a
manuscript accepted, how to respond to reviewer
comments, ethical considerations for authors and
reviewers, and more.
We have interviewed prominent authors and editors of
ACS journals. They have provided answers from their
own perspectives, and the perspective of their
journals. However, the advice is pretty generic, and
should be applicable across other ACS titles as well
as scientific publishing in general. For detailed
questions, authors and reviewers should still
consult the guidelines for a specific journal.
Who should listen? If you are writing your first
research publication, then this series is definitely
for you. If you have submitted articles in the past,
but would like to improve your skills, then you
would benefit from following this series. If you
would like to know more about the scholarly
communication process, then you will surely find
some of these episodes to be of interest. If you are
a faculty member or librarian, and are looking for
ways to help your students become authors and
reviewers, then this series will offer some useful
material to build on.
We are launching the series with an interview with
Professor George M. Whitesides from Harvard
University who has published nearly 600 papers with
ACS Publications, and over 1100 articles overall,
and has served on the advisory boards of nine
peer-reviewed journals. Videos will be released
monthly discussing topics such as selecting a
journal for submission, writing a good cover letter,
suggesting reviewers, responding to reviewer
comments and manuscript rejections, tips for
non-native English speakers, and more.
The
Brain's Alarm Clock
Circadian
rhythms are linked to the external light-dark cycle through
inputs from photoreceptors that signal into networks that
regulate neural and physiological function. One of the key
photoreceptors is CRYPTOCHROME, which is sensitive to blue-light
wavelengths. Fogle et al. (p.
1409, published
online 3 March; see the Perspective by
Im and Taghert)
now find that CRYPTOCHROME has an unexpectedly direct effect on
circadian physiology in fruit flies. A small group of neurons
that are part of the circadian circuit and that are usually more
active in the morning express CRYPTOCHROME. These neurons
normally receive plenty of input from the circadian circuit that
perceives cycles and drives responses. However, when those inputs
are blocked, it seems that these neurons are able to respond
directly to blue light
CRYPTOCHROME Is a
Blue-Light Sensor That Regulates Neuronal Firing Rate
Fogle et al.
Science,2011,331:1409-1413
Light-responsive
neural activity in central brain neurons is generally conveyed through opsin-based
signaling from external photoreceptors. Large lateral ventral arousal
neurons (lLNvs) in Drosophila melanogaster increase action
potential firing within seconds in response to light in the absence of all
opsin-based photoreceptors. Light-evoked changes in membrane resting
potential occur in about 100 milliseconds. The light response is selective
for blue wavelengths corresponding to the spectral sensitivity of
CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). cry-null lines are light-unresponsive, but
restored CRY expression in the lLNv rescues responsiveness. Furthermore,
expression of CRY in neurons that are normally unresponsive to light confers
responsiveness. The CRY-mediated light response requires a flavin redox-based
mechanism and depends on potassium channel conductance, but is independent
of the classical circadian CRY-TIMELESS interaction.
See at:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6023/1409.abstract
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6023/1409.figures-only
A CRY to Rise
Perspective by
Seol Hee Im
and
Paul H. Taghert
Science,2011,331:1394-11395
When we need to
wake at a certain time, some of us resort to setting several alarm clocks to
ring at different times, or in different locations, to ensure that we don't
oversleep. The biological timing system appears to use a similar strategy:
It relies on a multi-tiered approach to detect environmental signals and
deliver multifaceted information regarding ambient light conditions. In
Drosophila, a light-sensitive protein called CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) serves
as a light sensor that each day helps to reset the fly's circadian clock. On
page 1409 of this issue, Fogle et al. (1) show that CRY
also directly increases the firing rate of critical circadian “pacemaker”
neurons by sensing blue wavelengths of light. This represents a mechanism
for photo-activation of neurons that is not based on opsin, the protein
typically involved in light-responsive brain activity.
See at:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6023/1394.summary
Cause of Lethal Disease
in China Unmasked
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/03/cause-of-lethal-disease-in-china.html?etoc
BEIJING—Scientists aren't
entirely sure how it infects people or how it kills,
but researchers now at least know the face of their
enemy. In an article posted online on 16 March in
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM),
a Chinese team describes a
new virus that appears to
cause a lethal disease,
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).
The virus's identification "is
a prime example of the
rapid discovery of a truly
emerging infectious disease and its cause,"
Heinz Feldmann of the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases's Laboratory of Virology in
Hamilton, Montana, writes in an accompanying
editorial in NEJM. But the pathogen, a
bunyavirus, is still something of a mystery.
SFTS came to light in 2006, when villagers in Anhui
Province in central China began dying of an illness
characterized by high fever, gastrointestinal
distress, and a depressed platelet count.
Researchers at the Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) here suspected
anaplasmosis, an infection spread by ticks caused by
the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. But
they found neither bacterial DNA nor antibodies
against it. Each spring since then the disease has
struck with a vengeance, killing up to 30% of those
infected in six provinces of China.
In December 2009, Xue-jie Yu,
an expert on tick-borne diseases at the University
of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, isolated from
a patient's blood a new phlebovirus, part of the
Bunyaviridae family that includes hantavirus and
Rift Valley fever virus. Then last spring and
summer, Chinese CDC researchers detected SFTS
bunyavirus RNA, specific antiviral antibodies, or
both in 171 out of 241 people hospitalized for SFTS.
From these samples, Chinese CDC virologist Li Dexin
and colleagues isolated 11 strains of the bunyavirus.
The two teams initially made
rival claims about who
identified the virus first
and planned to publish separate reports. China's
health minister, Chen Zhu, brokered a compromise in
which the two teams merged data in the NEJM
article and shared credit for the discovery.
Like anaplasmosis, SFTS appears to be transmitted by
ticks; 10 of 186 ticks collected in the region were
found to carry SFTS bunyavirus RNA. (Scientists have
found no trace of the virus in mosquitoes.) But only
a small percentage of victims recall having been
bitten. For that reason, says Chinese CDC Director
Wang Yu, "We are not quite sure that ticks are the
vector." Feldmann agrees. "The current data can only
be seen as preliminary," he says. "There could be
more than one tick [species] serving as the vector."
His agency will probe that question when SFTS
presumably strikes this spring, and they will look
for other organisms that may harbor the virus. They
also hope to unravel puzzling aspects of the
clinical course of the illness. It's unclear, says
Wang, how the virus kills people. And some cases
resembling SFTS may in fact be anaplasmosis, says
Chinese CDC virologist Liang Mi-Fang. Anaplasmosis
is treatable with antibiotics, highlighting the need
for a rapid diagnostic kit to distinguish between
the two villains.
Fever with
Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China
Xue-Jie Yu, Mi-Fang Liang,
Shou-Yin Zhang,et
al.
-
Background
Heightened surveillance of acute febrile illness in
China since 2009 has led to the identification of a
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)
with an unknown cause. Infection with Anaplasma
phagocytophilum has been suggested as a cause,
but the pathogen has not been detected in most
patients on laboratory testing.
-
Methods
We
obtained blood samples from patients with the case
definition of SFTS in six provinces in China. The
blood samples were used to isolate the causal
pathogen by inoculation of cell culture and for
detection of viral RNA on polymerase-chain-reaction
assay. The pathogen was characterized on electron
microscopy and nucleic acid sequencing. We used
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect
immunofluorescence assay, and neutralization testing
to analyze the level of virus-specific antibody in
patients' serum samples.
Results
We isolated a novel virus,
designated SFTS bunyavirus, from
patients who presented with
fever, thrombocytopenia,
leukocytopenia, and multiorgan
dysfunction. RNA sequence
analysis revealed that the virus
was a newly identified member of
the genus phlebovirus in the
Bunyaviridae family. Electron-microscopical
examination revealed virions
with the morphologic
characteristics of a bunyavirus.
The presence of the virus was
confirmed in 171 patients with
SFTS from six provinces by
detection of viral RNA, specific
antibodies to the virus in
blood, or both. Serologic assays
showed a virus-specific immune
response in all 35 pairs of
serum samples collected from
patients during the acute and
convalescent phases of the
illness.
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